indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish reading; to read through
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to put on an air
really; truly; indeed; good grief
on purpose; deliberately; intentionally
leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving to chance; neglecting; abandoning
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
sobbing; weeping; whimpering
sympathy; compassion; pity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for