indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup); Italian ice; snow cone; sno-cone
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
confections; sweets; candy; cake
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
honorific/polite/humble prefix
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily