jpdb beta

particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty

1

birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)

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growth; breeding; growing up (in, as); upbringing

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city

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and yet; though; when; in spite of

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illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane

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to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case

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this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent

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railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations

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side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case

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to walk

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existence; possession; having; limited company

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to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to

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torii; Shinto shrine archway

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amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity

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to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal

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stairs; stairway; staircase

2

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

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come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see

3

oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!

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just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...

3

to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)

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plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme

2

as (for); for; in the capacity of

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in this way; thus; such; uh...

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first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)

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test of courage (e.g. at a frightening place such as a graveyard); dare

2

invitation

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of course; certainly; naturally

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course; route; course (of study); program; lane (in running, swimming, etc.); course (of action); policy

3

snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)

3

full; in plenty; ample

1

(making, launching) concentrated attack (on, against)

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New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)

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year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

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part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty

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damage; injury; loss

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to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)

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noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky

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as planned

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one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself

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that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that

3

what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?

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to look down on (someone); to make fun of; to put down; to treat with contempt; to underestimate

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to have the nerve to

3

above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous

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to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do

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painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding

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to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart

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one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)

1