indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
group; party; team; squad; section
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the Boar (twelfth sign of the Chinese zodiac); the Pig; hour of the Boar (around 10pm, 9-11pm, or 10pm to 12 midnight); north-northwest; tenth month of the lunar calendar
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
older sister; elder sister
Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil); picotee morning glory; funnel-shaped object; bell (e.g. of a trumpet); (arch.) rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
please (give me); please (do for me)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
chameleon plant (Houttuynia cordata)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish