indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
in that way; thus; so; so?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
plastic wrap; cling film; cling wrap; to wrap in plastic wrap
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
common folk (somewhat insulting); commoner