a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
personal combat; one-to-one fight
(artillery) barrage; bullet hell; curtain fire; barrage of scrolling comments (overlaid on an online video)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
to establish a lead; to distinguish (between); to ascertain or tell the difference (between); to discriminate
time; hour; period; class
difference; variation; difference
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
round (esp. in sports, negotiations, etc.); rounds (e.g. nurse, security guard, etc.)
firing; shooting; fire; gunshot; marksmanship
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
technique; art; skill; move
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; how; what (a) ...!; how ...!; surprisingly; to my amazement
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than