indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
counter for birds, rabbits, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
gold nugget; gold bullion; gold bar; gold ingot
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
such ... as; or some such