indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
gold nugget; gold bullion; gold bar; gold ingot
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
adds force or indicates command
Karafuto (Japanese name for Sakhalin)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
northernmost tip (point, extremity, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
than; from; out of; except; but; more
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at that time; in those days
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
settlement; permanent residency
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
agricultural land; farmland
action of making something; -ification
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to live; to get along; to spend (time)