indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
ghostly air; weird air; unearthly atmosphere
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force or indicates command
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
number; number plate; license plate
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
waking up; awakening; arousal; disillusion; disillusionment; awakening
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...