indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
transmigration; reincarnation; metempsychosis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
labyrinth; maze; mystery; dungeon
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way