jpdb beta

installation (esp. software)

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

47

completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)

1

hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no

1

book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter

1

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

26

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

4

indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!

3

oh; yes; huh?; hm?

2

yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)

2

ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah

9

yikes; oops; eep; wow

2

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

4

I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal

3

educational institution; school; academy; campus

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

40

to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)

1

one month

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

11

to pass (of time); to elapse

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

13

in that way; thus; so; so?

8

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

25

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

11

older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella

4

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

87

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

14

still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least

2

world; society; people; the public

1

to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding

10

to turn over (face down); to lay face down; to point downwards (eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (eyes); to lie (one's body) face down; to lie flat (on the ground)

1

-like; sort of; similar to; resembling

1

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

1

class of demons; demonic race; family of demons

1

army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

43

considerably; fairly; quite

1

(suffering) damage; injury; harm

1

to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause

1

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

14

for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

66

to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

7

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

10

soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost

1

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

3

return to one's country

1

it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?

7

hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)

10