indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's