indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
something like ...; something called ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
dominion; territory; possession
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
by means of; due to; because of; according to
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to rise high (of water); to overflow; to swell; to be filled with (emotion, energy, etc.); to be bursting with; to be brimming with
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")