indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
nothing but; except; no more than
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
thorn; spine; splinter (esp. lodged in one's flesh); hard sharp item (esp. lodged in one's throat, e.g. fish bone); biting words
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in some cases; sometimes; on occasions
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to bare one's fangs; to snarl (at)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
multicolored; multicoloured; of various colors; diverse; of all kinds; all manners of
flowers; beautiful; spectacular
equally (well); as ... as; no less ... than ...; evenly matched; well-matched
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; (arch.) to rise up (of breaking waves)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
field of flowers; flower garden; flower bed
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much