indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
traveller; traveler; wayfarer; tourist
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
parting; separation; farewell
continuation; succession; series
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
coincident with; while; simultaneously
selection; choice; option
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
many; much; plenty; hardly
going backward; turning back; backtracking; retrogression; relapse; returning to a bad state
now; the present time; just now; another; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
very rich person; the super rich
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
please (give me); please (do for me)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)