indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
fair and square; open and aboveboard
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine