indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
bridge building; bridge; cross-linking
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing