here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
question; inquiry; enquiry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
don't you think?; indicates question
professor; teaching; instruction
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
calling on someone who is ill; enquiry; inquiry
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
same room; sharing a room; occupying the same room
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
I see; that's right; indeed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question