indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
suffix for familiar person
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
cut; cutting; haircut; shuffle (cards); shuffling; scene
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
in that way; thus; so; so?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold