indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; the present time; just now; another; more
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
stepwise; one step at a time
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...