indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
suffix for familiar person
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
pure; true; genuine; unmixed
general idea; concept; notion
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
sorcery; black magic; netherworld; world outside the six realms where evil spirits roam
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous