yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
declining; refusal; nonacceptance; turning down; withdrawal (e.g. of candidacy); pulling out (e.g. of a race)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
beginning; outset; first; onset
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't you think?; indicates question
fucking; screwing; having sex
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such