indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial