indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
sister-in-law (spouse's older sister or older brother's wife); older stepsister; older adopted sister; non-blood-related older sister
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
suffix for familiar person
president (of a society); chairman
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?