indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
police; police officer; police station
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo