yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
(Oh) dear!; (Oh) dear me!; Good gracious
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
educational institution; school; academy; campus
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
race; tribe; species; genus; stellar population (i.e. population I, II and III)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
size; large and small (sizes); various sizes; daishō (matched pair of long and short swords); large and small drums; long months and short months; sic bo (Macao dice game)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
such; this sort of; like this
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
topic of discussion; agenda
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
school; proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement