hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
promotion (school, military, etc.)
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
this year; this fiscal year; this school year
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
moving to a different location to start a new job; (proceeding to) new appointment
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
nickname; alias; pseudonym; pen name; nom de plume; other name
red clay; tuff loam; dark-red paint
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
Saturday; earth; dirt; land; lands; earth (third of the five elements)
system; lineage; ancestry; group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); close (evolutionary) relationship
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
university or college offering four-year programs; the big four ...; the four major ...
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
what (e.g. "what rudeness"); what (something) is like
unexpected meeting; coincidence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
to say; to be called; to do
pleased to make your acquaintance
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...