beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
disappearance; running away; going missing; absconding
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
point of uncertainty; unclarified issue; doubt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
as (for); for; in the capacity of
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liver; innards; courage; spirit; crux; essential point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means