father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to encourage; to cheer; to raise (the voice)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to bring; to take; to bring about
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
sublime; noble; high-minded
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
cruel; merciless; atrocious; pitiful; tragic; horrible
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to tear up; to tear off; to rip up; to separate (e.g. a couple); to disrupt (a relationship)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
lesson; precept; teachings; moral