indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
adds force or indicates command
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
set; set meal; combo-meal; hairdo
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
suffix for familiar person
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
hiss (esp. cat); sizzle; whoosh
putting on the pressure; pushing forward; being pressed; being under pressure
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
nice; good; well-executed
all right (e.g. when guiding a driver); keep coming; OK
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)