discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
I'm off (and will be back later); see you later; to go (and then come back)
is that so?; I see; right; oh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others