earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
unexpected; unforeseen; accidental
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
use; utilization; utilisation; application
(political) power; authority; influence
grasping; seizing; holding; commanding; having control over
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reconciliation (between warring nations); (making of) peace
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
oppression; suppression; pressure
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
to face; to go towards; to head towards
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very