indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
scenery; scene; landscape
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
meteor; shooting star; falling star
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reality; actuality; hard fact
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
someone with a liking or characteristic; a true representative of (place)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to poke fun at; to make fun of; to send up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
home area; home town; local
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
reasonably; fairly; hurriedly; in a rush; approximately; about
observation; survey; measurement; opinion; prediction; thinking
spot; dot; place; location; (airport) apron; spot advertisement; spot advertising
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate