indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
after that; afterwards; thereafter
burnable garbage; burnable waste
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
after this; henceforth; henceforward; from now on
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tie up; bind; sum; total amount; judo choking (strangling) techniques; last meal eaten when going restaurant hopping; completion
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
suffix for familiar person
to come and stay; to drop in; to visit
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
all; altogether; entirely; exactly like; just like; spitting image of
insolent fellow; rude fellow
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh