indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that