in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
stallion brought close to a mare to test her readiness to mate; stalking horse; spoiler
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
as (for); for; in the capacity of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cooperation; collaboration
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
individual; private person; personal; private
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
title (e.g. Doctor, Professor, Lord); job title; position (in a company); degree; status; rank
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
number one; first; best; most; game; round
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
isolation; being alone; being friendless