indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in one's hands; in one's control
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
writing; composition; essay; sentence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
patching (up); cutting a part and pasting a new one (e.g. a shoji door); cut and paste
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
beast (i.e. any animal other than man); person reborn into the animal realm; brute (i.e. a contemptible human being); damn it; damn
unthinkable; unimaginable; terrible; awful; (arch.) very
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I; me; self-centered man; egotistical man; pompous man
to ignite; to set fire to; to spark (an incident, etc.); to inflame (a situation, etc.)
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all