indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in one's hands; in one's control
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
advance notice; previous note; preliminary announcement; trailer (film, TV); preview
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
in that way; thus; so; so?
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such