to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
probability; likelihood; chances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
how; in what way; how (much); to what extent; however (much); no matter how
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
integrated circuit; IC; interchange
as (for); for; in the capacity of
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
adds force or indicates command
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up