indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to trip (over); to stumble; to fail; to suffer a setback
to fall down; to fall over; to turn out; to play out; to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fall off; to tumble down
muddy; covered with mud; mud-caked
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
kind; gentle; considerate; generous; friendly; nice
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid