indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
leopard (Panthera pardus)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adds force or indicates command
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time
farewell; be that so; in that case; (arch.) however; (arch.) though that may be the case
bat (in baseball, cricket, etc.)
hand game (e.g. rock-paper-scissors)
head of family; originator
law; rule; regulation; destiny; fate; karma
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot