the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
hand game (e.g. rock-paper-scissors)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
ring; band; ring; circum-
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
relaxation (e.g. of muscles); becoming flaccid
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to prick; to stab; to poke; to prod; to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
devil; evil spirit; genie
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
(some) more; even more; longer; further
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to warp; to bend; to contort; to be perverted; to be warped (of a view, mind, etc.); to be distorted
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)