indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
leopard (Panthera pardus)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
head of family; originator
orca (Orcinus orca); killer whale; grampus
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
older brother; elder brother
two persons; two people; pair; couple