indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
leopard (Panthera pardus)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
head of family; originator
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to prick; to stab; to poke; to prod; to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
older brother; elder brother
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate