indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lightweight fabric or clothing; silk gauze; thin silk
commander; general; leader
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
to take one's leave; to excuse oneself; to resign (from); to step down; to decline; to turn down
now; the present time; just now; another; more
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
hand game (e.g. rock-paper-scissors)
devil; evil spirit; genie
god; deity; god-tier; incredible; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
school (of painting, ikebana, etc.)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
life or death struggle; mortal combat; struggle to the death
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
brittle; fragile; weak; tender-hearted; sentimental; easily moved
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
it says ...; it reads ...; ... is written
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
all over the body; from head to foot; all over
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
to break (into pieces); to smash; to shatter (someone's hopes, confidence, etc.); to crush; to simplify; to make easy to understand
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
reincarnation; rebirth; transmigration; metempsychosis