indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
adds force or indicates command
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
slowly; inefficiently; tardily; dawdling
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
how; in what way; how about
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
please (give me); please (do for me)
you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
what one has a mind to do; what one feels like (doing); being so minded; (with) that in mind
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on