indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
adds force or indicates command
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
Shangdi (supreme deity in ancient Chinese religion); God; Shakra (king of heaven in Hindu mythology); Indra
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need