ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fighting spirit; battle aura; combative spirit
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
a piece; a scrap; a fragment; iota; modicum; trace
hesitation; bewilderment; illusion; delusion; inability to reach enlightenment
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cloudiness; cloudy weather; fog (on a mirror, glasses, etc.); cloud (e.g. in marble); gloom; dejection
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to desire; to want; to expect (of someone); to hope for; to see; to command (a view of)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; school; phylum; division; counter for cannons
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to know; to understand; to (understand and) accept (a responsibility); to have a knowledge of (a skill, art, etc.); to have a command of
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
else; in addition; besides
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to break; to be smashed; to split; to crack; to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party); to come to light
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
Shangdi (supreme deity in ancient Chinese religion); God; Shakra (king of heaven in Hindu mythology); Indra