to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
understood; I see; OK; present; here
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
bento; Japanese box lunch
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
to smell sweet; to be fragrant
suffix for familiar person
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)