indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
suffix for familiar person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
servant (esp. a samurai's attendant); chivalrous man (Edo period); cubed tofu (often served cold); kite shaped like an Edo-period footman; Edo-period hairstyle worn by samurai's attendants; enslavement (of a woman; Edo-period punishment for her own or her husband's crime); (arch.) he
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(your) business; (your) concern; (customer's) order; official business (of the government, Imperial Court, etc.); arrest; capture
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to smell sweet; to be fragrant
Sammy; Samy; Sami; Sammy (Japanese pachinko machine and game manufacturer)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
dad; dada; daddy; pa; papa; pappa
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
older brother; elder brother
festival; feast; carnival
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need